We investigated the potential impact of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferols, commonly known as vitamin D3, alongside genistein, a dietary phytoestrogen, on breast cancer cell lines, specifically MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our research focused on their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, progression, and metastasis, both individually and in combination.
Through a series of assays, including flow cytometry and cell invasion tests, we observed that vitamin D3 and genistein were effective in reducing cell proliferation. Notably, they prompted the cancer cells to enter a resting phase and triggered the process of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. We found that this was linked to increased expression of certain genes like BAX and CASP3 and decreased levels of the BCL-2 gene, a key player in cell survival.
Interestingly, both compounds also showed promise in curbing metastasis. They enhanced the expression of E-cadherin, a protein that helps cells stick together, while reducing the expression of other proteins associated with cancer spread. Furthermore, these treatments also positively influenced key protein expressions that enhance cancer response and overall survivability.
Ultimately, our findings suggest that vitamin D3, especially in combination with genistein, holds potential as a candidate for breast cancer treatment. However, given the combined approach, isolating the effects of vitamin D3 alone remains challenging, which adds complexity to our understanding.